Tissue regeneration is orchestrated by infiltrating myeloid-derived cells, particularly macrophages, that clear damaged cells and promote regenerative inflammation. How macrophages spatially adapt and diversify their functions to support the unique structural requirements of actively regenerating tissue remains unknown. Here, we reconstructed the dynamic trajectories of myeloid cells isolated from acutely-injured and early-stage dystrophic muscles. We identified divergent subsets of monocytes/macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs) and validated markers (e.g., GPNMB) associated with defined functional states. In dystrophic muscle, specialized repair-associated subsets exhibit distinct macrophage diversity and reduced DC heterogeneity. Coupling integrated spatial transcriptomics analyses with immunofluorescence uncovered striking subpopulation distribution and multilayered regenerative inflammation zones (RIZs) where distinct macrophage subsets organize functional tissue zones around damaged myofibers supporting all phases of regeneration. Importantly, intermittent small-molecule anti-inflammatory treatment disrupts the RIZs. Our findings suggest that macrophage subtypes mediate the highly ordered architecture of regenerative tissues, unveiling the principles of the structured yet dynamic nature of regenerative inflammation supporting effective tissue repair.