Background:
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a progressive neuromuscular disorder characterized by muscle degeneration and multisystem involvement. Nutritional interventions play a crucial role in managing disease progression, mitigating complications, and improving quality of life (QoL) for patients. However, the evidence on dietary impacts in DMD management remains fragmented.
Objectives:
This systematic review evaluates the role of nutritional interventions in DMD management, focusing on their effects on muscle health, metabolic balance, and overall patient outcomes.
Methods:
A comprehensive search of PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library identified studies published up to 2024 that explored dietary interventions in DMD. Eligible studies included randomized controlled trials, observational studies, and preclinical research assessing the impact of macronutrients, micronutrients, or dietary supplements on DMD outcomes. Data were synthesized to identify trends and key findings.
Results:
Analysis of 18 studies revealed that high-protein diets and omega-3 fatty acid supplementation supported muscle integrity and reduced inflammation. Antioxidants such as vitamin D, vitamin E, and coenzyme Q10 improved oxidative stress markers and mitochondrial function. Caloric management reduced obesity-related complications, while tailored nutrition improved gastrointestinal health and metabolic stability. Limited evidence supported ketogenic diets in preserving motor function.
Conclusion:
Nutritional interventions significantly influence DMD management by improving muscle health, reducing inflammation, and addressing metabolic challenges. These findings highlight the need for individualized dietary strategies as part of comprehensive care to enhance outcomes and quality of life for DMD patients. Further research is required to optimize nutrition-based therapies.